Ecclesiastes 3:21 meaning and explanation

Who knows if the spirit of man rises upward and the spirit of the animal descends into the earth?

Ecclesiastes 3:21, Berean Standard Bible

Explanation preview

The Speaker, called the Preacher, is weighing human existence "under the sun." In verses 18 to 20 he has just said that people and animals share the same fate: both die, both come from dust and return to dust. Here he presses further, asking who can verify what happens to the ruach, the Hebrew word for breath or spirit, after death.

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